Creates a neat, continuous line for outlines and detail. Bring the needle up, take a small stitch back to the previous point, then bring it up ahead on the line and repeat.

Makes a rope-like line perfect for stems and curves. Work short diagonal stitches, always keeping the thread on the same side; bring the needle up halfway along the previous stitch to form the twist.

Ideal for filling larger areas and blending colour. Alternate long and short stitches in the first row, then fill the gaps with opposite lengths in following rows, keeping stitch direction consistent.

Smooth, glossy fill for leaves and shapes. Lay tight, parallel stitches side by side across the shape (often vertically for leaves), maintaining even tension for full coverage without gaps.

Linked loops that form a decorative line, great for stems. Insert the needle back into the same hole to make a loop, bring it up slightly ahead through the loop, tighten, and repeat; anchor the last loop.

Detached chain petals/leaves, simple and pretty. Come up at the centre, reinsert in the same hole to form a loop, come up at the tip catching the loop, adjust, then secure with a tiny tack stitch.

A woven rose built over spokes. Make five evenly spaced straight stitches as spokes, then weave over–under around them until covered; tuck the thread under the edge of the weaving to finish.

A circular flower with a scalloped edge. Work looping stitches around a circle, anchoring each near the centre and catching the previous loop; slip the final stitch under the first to close neatly.

A tiny raised dot for texture. Wrap the thread once or twice around the needle, insert close to where you came up, hold the working thread taut, and pull through slowly to form a neat knot.